Logical fallacies in medical practice

Abstract

Clinical reasoning as a method of problem-solving in routine medical practice is the basis of all decisions made by physicians to understand the disease and choose appropriate therapeutic tactics. The interaction between physicians and the exchange of opinions can often lead to disagreements about diagnostic and treatment priorities. The quality of the arguments presented is critical, which makes it necessary to be aware of the most common logical errors, i. e. faulty reasoning. Logical fallacies can have a negative effect, leading to incorrect medical decisions. Understanding the features according to which arguments may be considered valid or, conversely, untenable is therefore an important skill for clinicians of all specialties and an integral part of the ability to process incoming information effectively and correctly. This article provides a description of some of the most common types of logical fallacies, along with examples to help clarify their content. While the number of possible logical fallacies in reasoning and debate is vast, most invalid arguments tend to fall into one of the most common stereotypical patterns. By learning about the most common logical fallacies, clinicians will be better prepared to recognize fallacious arguments when faced with them in their clinical practice.