On the problem of classification of para-Orthodox sects in modern Russia

Abstract

A significant group of new religious movements in modern Russia consists of structures of Orthodox genesis, usually referred to as para-Orthodox sects. The total number of their adherents is estimated at tens of thousands of people, which are fairly evenly distributed throughout our country and a number of neighboring states. The number of scientific studies devoted to this phenomenon is not too large, while with the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic in 2020, their activity has increased dramatically and has acquired in many cases an openly extremist character. Currently, some para-Orthodox sects are banned on the territory of the Russian Federation, and their leaders regularly become defendants in criminal cases of incitement to hatred. This article attempts to define the criteria for the division of the categories “schism” and “para-Orthodox sect”, and also offers a classification of such sects and sectarian groups by the type of leadership, genesis, dominant doctrine and time of occurrence. Separately, the question of the main myths and rumors that exist in this environment is addressed, it is also concluded that it is necessary to develop specialized courses on the phenomenon of such sects within the framework of theological education.