Urbanization and suburbanization: Which one determines population migration in Moscow Oblast?

Abstract

This paper examines population migration to the Moscow Oblast. Moscow Oblast belongs to a small number of Russia’s regions characterized by intensive and diverse population migration. The region attracts migrants from other federal subjects of Russia as well as from abroad, there are also a distinct migration flow to Moscow Oblast originating in Moscow and migration within the borders of Moscow Oblast itself. The motives for migration are analyzed separately for studied migration flows along with the factors of the region’s attractiveness for migrants, the differences between migrant flows (moving to Moscow Oblast, moving within Moscow Oblast and “non-mobile” population) are identified. The research was conducted with the help of a specially designed questionnaire via SurveyMonkey platform. The study showed that the “suburbanization” motives for migration related to ecological situation, privacy and monotonous urban environment are not dominant even amongst groups of migrants who have moved to villa communities and townhouses. The following factors indicating great importance for all groups of migrants were identified: the ratio between land price and distance from the center of Moscow, access to the advantages of Moscow city’s labor market, service, and leisure industry. In this context, we can imply that importance of the “urban logic” remains high. Survey responses on the importance of location characteristics, as well as demographic parameters show that the most peculiar population group is “non-mobile” population of Moscow Oblast. Approximately 62 % of respondents from households that include those who had migration experience are oriented to work or study in Moscow. The most “targeted” at the capital are migrants who had moved to Moscow Oblast from Moscow.