Transformation of phraseological structures as a means of expressing a tolerant/intolerant attitude to the object of speech (based on the federal mass media material)

Abstract

The article deals with phraseological structures (FS), which express cognitive stamps and clichés. This is the reason for the origin of adjacent syntactic units, serving as patterns for speech structures. The language of politics and media appears to be a productive source of these stamps and clichés. Articles from the Arguments and Facts journal, published in 2014– 2017, featuring urgent political stories, served as the illustrative material for this research. The article reveals the most popular phraseoschemes that have been transformed by the authors. These structures have been classified according to their role in the text: marking the topic, expressing the author’s attitude, establishing opposing views on the subject matter. In order to maximize the expressive potential and the modal-evaluating function, adjacent syntactic units are commonly exposed to the following transformations: transposition, substitution, addition, omission, unification, division. These transformations are associated with the language layers. Among the most common types are lexical, lexico-morphological and syntactic transformations: using words in the figurative meaning, changing narration to the interrogative form. The transformations considered in the article have a common evaluating function, which is expressed, in particular, in an intolerant attitude to the subject matter in mass media discourse.