Role of arbuscular mycorrhiza in the formation of plant communities at different stages of restorative succession
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Цель работы – выяснение роли арбускулярной микоризы (АМ) как фактора, влияющего на жизненность и ценотический статус видов в растительных сообществах разных стадий восстановительной сукцессии. Материалы собраны в природе на двух зарастающих песчаных карьерах Ленобласти. Восстановительная сукцессия представлена последовательными стадиями: пионерной, злаковой, кустарниковой и лесной. С развитием растительности грунты становятся более кислыми, в них увеличивается содержание общего углерода и азота, содержание фосфора максимально на злаковой стадии. В качестве модельных выбраны 10 микотрофных видов травянистых растений, 4 вида (Agrostis tenuis, Artemisia vulgaris, Chamaenerion angustifolium, Deschampsia cespitosa) встречались на всех стадиях сукцессии. Наилучшую жизненность большинство модельных видов имеют на злаковой стадии, на этой же стадии проективное покрытие максимально у половины из них.
Для всех модельных видов характерно преобладание Arum-типа АМ. Микоризация трав в ходе сукцессии не возрастает, наиболее сильно она варьирует в пионерных сообществах. Встречаемость АМ всегда снижается на лесной стадии. На последних двух стадиях по сравнению с двумя первыми у модельных видов наблюдается снижение обилия арбускул и везикул. Предположение, что высокая степень микоризации обеспечивает высокие жизненность и ценотическую роль вида, не подтверждено полученными данными: только в отдельных случаях жизненность, ценотическая роль и параметры микоризации модельных видов были связаны положительно. Богатство субстрата часто оказывалось более важным фактором, влияющим на жизненность модельных видов.
The aim of this work is to find out the role of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) as a factor affecting the vitality and coenotic status of species in plant communities at different stages of restorative succession. The materials were collected in nature at two sand quarries in the Leningrad Region. Restorative succession is represented by 4 stages: pioneer, grass, shrub and forest. With the development of vegetation, the soils become more acidic, the content of total carbon and nitrogen in them increases, the content of phosphorus reaches a maximum at the grass stage. Ten mycotrophic herbaceous plant species were selected as model ones; 4 species (Agrostis tenuis, Artemisia vulgaris, Chamaenerion angustifolium, Deschampsia cespitosa) were found at all stages of succession. Most of the model species have the best vitality at the grass stage; at the same stage, the projective cover of 5 species is the highest. All model species are characterized by the predominance of the Arum-type AM. Mycorrhization of plants does not increase during the succession; it varies the most in the pioneer communities. The occurrence of AM always decreases at the forest stage. At the last two stages a decrease in the abundance of arbuscules and vesicles is observed. The assumption that a high degree of mycorrhization provides a high vitality and coenotic role of the species is not confirmed: the vitality, coenotic role and mycorrhization parameters of the model species correlated only in some cases. The substrate fertility has often been found to be a more important factor influencing the vitality of the model species.
The aim of this work is to find out the role of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) as a factor affecting the vitality and coenotic status of species in plant communities at different stages of restorative succession. The materials were collected in nature at two sand quarries in the Leningrad Region. Restorative succession is represented by 4 stages: pioneer, grass, shrub and forest. With the development of vegetation, the soils become more acidic, the content of total carbon and nitrogen in them increases, the content of phosphorus reaches a maximum at the grass stage. Ten mycotrophic herbaceous plant species were selected as model ones; 4 species (Agrostis tenuis, Artemisia vulgaris, Chamaenerion angustifolium, Deschampsia cespitosa) were found at all stages of succession. Most of the model species have the best vitality at the grass stage; at the same stage, the projective cover of 5 species is the highest. All model species are characterized by the predominance of the Arum-type AM. Mycorrhization of plants does not increase during the succession; it varies the most in the pioneer communities. The occurrence of AM always decreases at the forest stage. At the last two stages a decrease in the abundance of arbuscules and vesicles is observed. The assumption that a high degree of mycorrhization provides a high vitality and coenotic role of the species is not confirmed: the vitality, coenotic role and mycorrhization parameters of the model species correlated only in some cases. The substrate fertility has often been found to be a more important factor influencing the vitality of the model species.