Manchester and Leningrad: from fraternal allies to partner cities

Abstract

This article examines the processes that culminated in the signing of an Agreement of Friendship between Manchester and Leningrad in 1962. The signing of such an agreement is both a civic level action expressing the aspirations of ordinary people and politicians within the two cities, but it must be placed within the context of developments in intergovernmental relations. This article examines the key actors in this process, the organisation of the process as well as the local, national and international factors that influenced it. Refs 50.