Problems of allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Abstract

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective treatment for many malignant and non-malignant diseases of the blood system. With an existing need of five thousand HSCT per year, about two thousand are performed, therefore, not all those in need receive this type of treatment. The purpose of the study is to study the main problems of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, to identify risk factors, frequency of occurrence and impact on the outcome of allo-HSCT of key post-transplant complications. A large number of nationalities and ethnic groups live in the country, characterized by a unique distribution and frequency of HLA alleles, which led to the formation of a specific allelic polymorphism of HLA genes, characteristic only for residents of Russia. In this regard, about 25 % of patients do not have a compatible donor in the world. Graft failure is a group of complications characterized by two- or three-lineage cytopenia in combination with bone marrow hypo-/aplasia and is a major cause that impairs patients short-term survival rates after allo-HSCT and affects an average of 40 % of all recipients. The study confirms the need to replenish the Federal Register with new hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) donors, which will increase the likelihood of finding a compatible HSC donor for the recipient with a nondisseminated HLA genotype.