Karl Marx and problem of humanism

Abstract

In the article there is considered relationship of Marx’s philosophy with a humanity problem as it arises in post-war Western European philosophy. The Marxist tradition separates at this time on scientism (L. Althusser, M. Godelier, etc.), proclaiming that the original Marxism represents scientific anti-humanism, and the humanistic tradition (J. P. Sartre, E. Fromm, etc.) seeking for the sake of maintaining classical humanism to unite Marxism with other ideological currents, for example, with existentialism. It is shown that the French neohegelianism, especially works of Alexander Kojeve who put forward and proved interpretation of philosophy of Hegel from the point of view of existentialism, played a key role in formation of humanistic tradition of Marxism. The antropologization of dialectic thinking within which the place of Spirit of Hegelian philosophy is occupied by the person realizing the freedom in the history becomes the main line of this new interpretation. The Vietnamese Marxist philosopher Tran- Duc-Thao convinced Alexander Kojeve that his anthropological interpretation of dialectics actually coincides in the main features with philosophy of Marxism. After a while Alexander Kojeve’s interpretation was adopted by many western Marxists setting the task of recovery of “authentic0Ф Marxism. Treating Marx’s humanism as aspiration to emancipate the person from the power of the capital, neomarxists considered this emancipation the major task not only of philosophy, but also of revolutionary practice. Within a humanistic current in Marxism this subject gained hypertrophied value as any question, both theoretical, and practical, was considered from the point of view of as far as it is a consequence of the capitalist project of exploitation.