The impact of Germany's political parties manifestoes on the foreign policy towards Russia
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Цель данной исследовательской работы заключается в определении влияния программных установок парламентских партий Германии на её внешнеполитический курс по отношению к России. Тема работы затрагивает события современности, поэтому всеобъемлющих исследований, включающих анализ самых последних действий правительства нет. Кроме того, сама постановка вопроса для исследования делает тему достаточно узкой, в связи с чем трудно найти прицельные труды, дающие убедительный ответ на поставленный вопрос. Основными источниками для ВКР стали различные партийные и правительственные документы, а также публикации официальных сайтов партий и федеральных органов власти. В рамках настоящей работы были проанализированы общие внешнеполитические, а также непосредственно касающиеся России установки парламентских партий. Далее систематизированы факторы, оказывающие преимущественное влияние на политику Германии на российском направлении. Затем проанализировано, соответствовала ли политика германского правительства с 2013 г. установкам правящих партий и какое воздействие на курс имели оппозиционные партии. Основываясь на анализе практических шагов правительства в сопоставлении с программными установками парламентских партий, были сделаны выводы о преимущественной корреляции практической политики ФРГ с установками «народных партий», которые быстро реагировали на изменения международной конъюктуры и, в целом, не вступали в противоречие между собой. До февраля 2014 г. установки СДПГ и в меньшей степени ХДС/ХСС заключались в возрождении модернизационного партнёрства двух государств. Далее, параллельно с развитием украинского и сирийского конфликтов, в подключении России к диалогу по их урегулированию, в чём отражалась новая роль глобального посредника Германии. Начиная с 2017 г. ХСС высказывает идею постепенного снятия антироссийских санкций, что является главным пунктом несогласия с ХДС и СДПГ, убеждённых в первоочередности изменений политики со стороны РФ. Оппозиционные партии в указанный период в большей степени поднимали отдельные темы в общественном дискурсе, например, касающиеся вопросов прав человека в РФ или устранения напряжения между странами Запада и Россией.
The aim of this research paper was to determine the impact of German parliamentary parties’ program manifestos on its foreign policy towards Russia. The topic of the graduation thesis touches on contemporary events, so there are no comprehensive studies that include an analysis of the most recent actions of the government. In addition, the very formulation of the question for research makes the topic quite narrow. The main sources for the work were various party and government documents, as well as publications from official websites of parties and Federal authorities. Within the framework of the work general foreign policy, as well as Russia related attitudes of the parties were observed. Further, the factors that have a predominant influence on German policy in the Russian direction were systematized. Then it was analyzed whether the German government’s policy since 2013 was in line with the attitudes of the ruling parties and what impact the opposition parties had on the course. Based on the analysis of the governmental actions in comparison with the program manifestos, some conclusions about the primary correlation of the German policy with the settings of the “people's parties” were drawn. These parties were quite sensible to the changes in international relations sphere and did not come into conflict with each other. Until February 2014, the goals of the SPD and to a lesser extent the CDU/CSU were to revive the modernizing partnership between Germany and Russia and further to involve Russia into the settlement process of actual regional conflicts, that reflected Germany’s new role of global mediator. Since 2017, the CSU has expressed the idea of gradual lifting of anti-Russian sanctions, which is the main point of disagreement with the CDU and SPD, which are convinced of the priority of policy changes on the part of the Russian Federation. As for the opposition parties, during that period of time they mostly raised certain topics in public discourse, such as human rights issues in the Russian Federation or the elimination of tension between Western countries and Russia.
The aim of this research paper was to determine the impact of German parliamentary parties’ program manifestos on its foreign policy towards Russia. The topic of the graduation thesis touches on contemporary events, so there are no comprehensive studies that include an analysis of the most recent actions of the government. In addition, the very formulation of the question for research makes the topic quite narrow. The main sources for the work were various party and government documents, as well as publications from official websites of parties and Federal authorities. Within the framework of the work general foreign policy, as well as Russia related attitudes of the parties were observed. Further, the factors that have a predominant influence on German policy in the Russian direction were systematized. Then it was analyzed whether the German government’s policy since 2013 was in line with the attitudes of the ruling parties and what impact the opposition parties had on the course. Based on the analysis of the governmental actions in comparison with the program manifestos, some conclusions about the primary correlation of the German policy with the settings of the “people's parties” were drawn. These parties were quite sensible to the changes in international relations sphere and did not come into conflict with each other. Until February 2014, the goals of the SPD and to a lesser extent the CDU/CSU were to revive the modernizing partnership between Germany and Russia and further to involve Russia into the settlement process of actual regional conflicts, that reflected Germany’s new role of global mediator. Since 2017, the CSU has expressed the idea of gradual lifting of anti-Russian sanctions, which is the main point of disagreement with the CDU and SPD, which are convinced of the priority of policy changes on the part of the Russian Federation. As for the opposition parties, during that period of time they mostly raised certain topics in public discourse, such as human rights issues in the Russian Federation or the elimination of tension between Western countries and Russia.