DSpace Собрание:http://hdl.handle.net/11701/92562024-03-29T07:55:01Z2024-03-29T07:55:01ZSacralisation of the Popular. Methodological Approaches to Religion-Like Phenomena in Contemporary Religious StudiesMikhelson, Olga K.http://hdl.handle.net/11701/93572018-04-06T00:02:13Z2018-03-01T00:00:00ZНазвание: Sacralisation of the Popular. Methodological Approaches to Religion-Like Phenomena in Contemporary Religious Studies
Авторы: Mikhelson, Olga K.
Краткий осмотр (реферат): The paper is devoted to a topical subject for contemporary religious studies — sacralisation
of the profane, particularly manifested in the sacralization of popular culture products. These
processes can be described as religion-like phenomena, and their understanding is important
for the adequate perception of the Western religion of the XXI century. The purpose of this
paper is to present possible interpretations of the religion-like phenomena proposed in contemporary
religious studies, so the objects included considering concepts that describe the peculiarities
and key features of contemporary Western religiosity and the debate about secularization
and post-secularism, as well as analyzing the main methodological approaches to the
religion-like phenomena study. The paper shows that some of these approaches remain within
the framework of theology, while others are methodologically based on postmodern philosophy
or cognitive studies and evolutionary psychology. It is proposed that although cognitive
methodology is well applicable to the study of religion-like phenomena, a complete rejection
of its functionalist interpretation appears to be wrong as religion-like phenomena perform a
number of important functions generally inherent of religion. The conclusions are supported
by illustrative material first of all provided by musical variants of religion-like phenomena
as they appear to illustrate most clearly the features of such phenomena. A cognitive theory
of narrative proposed by L. Rue turns out to be productive when analyzing music religionlike
phenomena along with various psychological concepts, exploring the celebrities worship
syndrome (CWS), as well as purely physiological approaches, based on studying the effects of
music on hormones production and the impact of the latter on individuals and groups.2018-03-01T00:00:00ZSignificance of a religion in the Petr Bitsilli’s research worksWeber, Dmitriy I.http://hdl.handle.net/11701/93562018-04-06T00:02:17Z2018-03-01T00:00:00ZНазвание: Significance of a religion in the Petr Bitsilli’s research works
Авторы: Weber, Dmitriy I.
Краткий осмотр (реферат): The study is devoted to the analysis of creativity by Petr Mikhailovich Bitsilli, a historian who
worked both in Russia and abroad, on the study of religion. The notion of “mentality” refers us
to the traditions of the “new historical science” that arose in France in the late 1920s. However,
it seems that long before this an anthropologically oriented tradition had developed in Russia.
Within its framework there are studies revealing various aspects of the history of the Western
European Middle Ages, but this tradition had dedicated itself especially to the individual
and ultimately to his culture, way of life, customs, beliefs and so forth — what is customarily
called everyday life. These works do not aim to directly study religious experience, religiosity,
religion as such, but they prove to be invaluable to the researcher of religion precisely because
of his “impartiality” with regard to religious subjects. In this context we can conditionally
distinguish two main directions of the research work of Bitsilli. The first is the place of religion
in the conditions of change of historical epochs, and the second being religiosity as a cultural
and historical phenomenon. It is important to note here that research related to religious issues
refers to the early period of his scientific activity. He developed an image of a medieval
man from several elements, singling out and characterizing, at the same time, a much larger
number of constituents of his mentality. The sources used by the researchers are similar. They
were the lives of saints, literary monuments of the era, the writings of mystics and theologians,
“visions” the protocols of inquisition. Bitsilli studied the writings of many prominent theologians
and philosophers of the era. Relying on the texts of medieval chronicles, in particular,
on the literary heritage of Salimbene, Petr Bitsilli reconstructed the religious consciousness of
a medieval man.2018-03-01T00:00:00ZIntegration of migrants as a way to diminish proneness to conflict in multinational communitiesMatveevskaya, Anna S.Pogodin, Sergey N.http://hdl.handle.net/11701/93552018-04-06T00:02:16Z2018-03-01T00:00:00ZНазвание: Integration of migrants as a way to diminish proneness to conflict in multinational communities
Авторы: Matveevskaya, Anna S.; Pogodin, Sergey N.
Краткий осмотр (реферат): At the turn of 20th and 21st centuries, issues related to the integration of foreigners into the new
environment are especially discussed by the public and politicians. It is not for nothing that
political organizations and even parties that are strongly opposed to immigrants increasingly
occupy the minds of Europeans. The purpose of this study is to assess the success of adaptation
processes that allow immigrants to integrate into the socio-cultural environment, taking into
account a complex set of natural, economic, political and socio-cultural factors. The successful
integration of migrants into a new society can be determined when assessing the effective
implementation of migrants’ social potential. Methods of research are theoretical analysis of
the impact of immigration processes on economic and social life. The work was carried out on
the basis of studying and using fundamental Russian and foreign research of in the following
scientific areas. The results of the research showed that the selected number of factors have
a significant impact on the adaptation process of immigrants. Subjective factors are formed
by immigrants and the objective factor is the perception of the adaptation of immigrants by
the local population. It was found that the most important factors for successful integration
of immigrants into society are not only training and working but also a number of social
programs and practices conducted to promote the principles of tolerance and the diversity of
society. Only a comprehensive approach to solving these problems can lead to the successful
integration of migrants into the new society.2018-03-01T00:00:00ZBetween knowledge and sin: Representation of the five human senses from the Ancient to the early Modern periodLisovich, Inna I.http://hdl.handle.net/11701/93542018-04-06T00:02:16Z2018-03-01T00:00:00ZНазвание: Between knowledge and sin: Representation of the five human senses from the Ancient to the early Modern period
Авторы: Lisovich, Inna I.
Краткий осмотр (реферат): This article is devoted to understanding the five human senses in European philosophy, culture
and art in the Early Modern period, which is associated with the teachings of Plato and
Aristotle. They considered the senses from the point of view of knowledge about the four
elements. Plato recognizes the vision as the noblest of the senses, as it is associated with the
knowledge of the cosmos. He believes viciousness to come from the animal part of the soul,
not the senses. Augustine in the description of the five human senses combined the principles
of Plato, Aristotle and Christian’s ethics. He associated sense with sin, and the threat
he believed to be “the temptation of the eyes”. Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas focused on the
description of principles of operation of sensory organs and mechanical means of exposure to
external physical environment. Scholastics have criticized five human senses due to the fact
that they distort the perceived world, they relied on Aristotelian logic to arrive at knowledge.
The author proves that in the Early modern period humanists and scientists actively revised
all the faculties of the soul, including the five senses under the influence of Platonic philosophy.
Bacon refers to the senses as “idols”, demanding repeatedly to recheck the data of the
senses and the mind. This led to the recognition of observation and experience. The reorientation
from the scholastic Aristotelian tradition to the mathematical Platonic tradition was
also reflected in painting and the poetry. One example of this process can be of Shakespeare’s
poetic reflection, where the objects of representation are the five senses. The poetic images of
W. Shakespeare’s five senses correlate with the visual images of Rembrandt and Jan van Eyck.2018-03-01T00:00:00ZUnfinished Revolution: the political philosophy of the Frankfurt SchoolМаrkov, Вoris V.http://hdl.handle.net/11701/93532018-04-06T00:02:14Z2018-03-01T00:00:00ZНазвание: Unfinished Revolution: the political philosophy of the Frankfurt School
Авторы: Маrkov, Вoris V.
Краткий осмотр (реферат): The article is devoted to analysis of political philosophy of T.-W. Adorno and other representatives
of the Frankfurt School. They exposed the power as ideology, which takes various forms,
uses resources philosophy, mythology and art. Adorno’s negative dialectics has developed a
project on the basis of which it is possible to the emancipation of people covered by the powerful
propaganda machines of today. Thematic horizon in the context that was developing
his negative dialectic, are elements of Jewish messianism and Protestantism Luthers, dialectic Hegels, alienation theory Marx’s, immoralizm Nietzsche. For critics of the ideology of modernism
the representatives of the Frankfurt School have used resources of the philosophical
dialectic. They proposed a new form of protest, which saw the promotions representatives of
the cultural avantgarde. In their view, class struggle, and the change of life forms is the main
strategy of the cultural revolution. The merit of T. Adorno, M. Horkhaimer and G. Marcuse is
a critical analysis of the new forms of governance media culture. “Political esthetics” complements
the negative dialectic. In addition to criticism of the values of bourgeois society for the
liberation of the people, it is proposed to use the possibilities of avantgarde art, especially new
music, according to Adorno, turns consumers into accomplices. If light music distracts and
entertains, new music is fosters critical reflection sensuality and, thus, exempt from installation
on pleasure. Comparing projects of Frankfurt School with modern social and cultural
processes, it must be said that they have not been translated. Connection of art, philosophy,
and life was not as desired. At the Foundation of modern mass society remains not critical
reflection, and consumption and entertainment.2018-03-01T00:00:00ZAnthropological expertise of the current state of women’s professional sportsBogdanova, Marina A.http://hdl.handle.net/11701/93522018-04-06T00:02:17Z2018-03-01T00:00:00ZНазвание: Anthropological expertise of the current state of women’s professional sports
Авторы: Bogdanova, Marina A.
Краткий осмотр (реферат): The development of women’s sport is in line with the general trend of development of professional
sport for which the main objective is not physical and spiritual perfection but athletic
performance. The women’s movement for their rights gave birth to women’s sport, as a way
to show that women are equal to men in all respects, including physical and volitional abilities.
In the short term, women’s sport has acquired its infrastructure and technical specificity
and become a relatively independent socio-cultural institution within the female gender. A
woman’s body is seen as a means of achieving professional and social success. The idea of
“success” is a fundamental principle of public life. Modern society does not encourage those
values which could contribute to its health: kindness, neighborly charity, self-sacrifice, mercy;
on the contrary, values which are harmful to public health and the health of an individual are
fostered, they are: ability of pulling ahead, stiffness, aggressiveness, energetic work of sharp
elbows. In professional sport such “values” are implemented in the most obvious way, despite
the risks associated with the loss of health. The nearly irresolvable problems of women’s professional
sports have been the use of doping, excessive athleticism, psychological masculinization
of athletes, high mortality and disability of athletes. The ensuing discussion on the status
and problems of women’s professional sports demonstrates the problematic and contradictory
nature of its development. The philosophical analysis of sports based on the anthropological
expertise of the current state of women’s professional sports and its prospects is essential.
Research the current state of women’s professional sports has revealed a deep crisis of the deformation
in the area of sport, which has displaced the spirit of honest competition, increased
exploitation of athletes, physical and mental health is sacrificed to the record and the interests
of the business.2018-03-01T00:00:00ZTopos of philosophyShentseva, Elena A.http://hdl.handle.net/11701/93512018-04-06T00:02:17Z2018-03-01T00:00:00ZНазвание: Topos of philosophy
Авторы: Shentseva, Elena A.
Краткий осмотр (реферат): The article considers the topos of philosophy in the context of the research interest in the
theoretical possibilities of topological thinking. For topological discourse, the spatial characteristics of being have no less value than temporal ones. The idea of length, materiality,
eliminated from philosophy, becomes relevant only in the 1970s and ‘80s. through sociological
research (primarily in the framework of the actor-network theory). This process
contributed to overcoming the dichotomy of a cognizing subject a passive object. Foremost,
topos of philosophy are described starting from the values embedded in the Aristotelian
concept of topos, which presupposes movement, aspiration “to one’s own place.” No less important
for the author is the analysis of the meaningful connotations of topos of philosophy
with A. Lefebvre’s concept of space production and M. Heidegger’s notion of ethos. Finally,
the topos of philosophy is considered through the appeal to the key concept of J. Lo’s methodology,
namely Hinterland as well as to his idea of topologically multiple objects. Special
attention is given to the concept of having “fluid edges” object and to that type of spatiality,
which is defined through the concept of variability. The article’s topological interpretation
of philosophy permits opposing the classical categorical couple place and place filling, the
process of simultaneous, mutually conditioned production of space (space) and objects.
Interpreted in this way, the topos of philosophy appears as a multiple object (a polyphonic
structure) existing as intersections of various spaces.2018-03-01T00:00:00Z“Critical positivism” versus “new idealism” in Russia at the beginning of 20th centurySoboleva, Majahttp://hdl.handle.net/11701/93502018-04-06T00:02:18Z2018-03-01T00:00:00ZНазвание: “Critical positivism” versus “new idealism” in Russia at the beginning of 20th century
Авторы: Soboleva, Maja
Краткий осмотр (реферат): The paper focuses on the situation in Russian philosophy at the beginning of the 20th century.
Of special interest is the discussion between the so called “critical positivism” and the
“new idealism”. The former is represented by A. A. Bogdanov, P. S. Juškevič, V. A. Bazarov and
Ja.A. Berman; the latter is represented by N. A. Berdjaev, S. N. Bulgakov, P. A. Florenskij and
others. In a first step, I reconstruct this discussion on the basis of the collected works “Problems
of idealism” (1902) and “Landmarks” (1909) from the side of the idealists, and “Essays of
realist world view” (1904), “Essays on Marxist Philosophy” (1908), and “Essays on philosophy
of collectivism” (1909) published by the positivists. I argue that this discussion took on the
character of the struggle of worldviews: it was a struggle of the traditional Russian paradigm
of philosophical thinking against the new type of philosophizing which was oriented towards
the natural sciences. After that, I briefly characterize the theoretical and practical programs of
“critical positivism”. Its main theoretical principle is “realism”, and its core practical principle
is “idealism”. However, both the concept of “realism” and the concept of “idealism” received
a completely new interpretation. Bogdanov’s “empiriomonism”, Juškevič’s “empiriosymbolism”
and Bazarov’s philosophy, which developed the ideas of empiriocritiscism, can be seen
as different modifications of the realizing these key principles. I promote the view that we can
consider the so called “third” wave of Russian positivism (Bogdanov, Juškevič, Bazarov) as
“neopositivism”, because, within this currency, the transformation from scientific philosophy
to theory of science took place. The vivid illustration of this transformation can be seen in
Bogdanov’s general theory of organization or “Tectology”.2018-03-01T00:00:00ZOn the question of the philosophical understanding of humanityKurbanov, Musa G.http://hdl.handle.net/11701/93492018-04-06T00:02:16Z2018-03-01T00:00:00ZНазвание: On the question of the philosophical understanding of humanity
Авторы: Kurbanov, Musa G.
Краткий осмотр (реферат): In the article the possibilities of philosophy to arrive at a full-fledged understanding of humanity
are considered. The author theoretically reconstructs the phenomenon of humanity in
the aspect of the development directed from natural forms of human life to the creative forms
of creation opening the person before the variety of the whole world and the whole world
before the boundless opportunities of the person. Accenting social attributes of the person, the author compares various elements of humanity, theoretically synthesizes conditions of
the natural course of human life with processes of social creation, allocating to the forefront
man-sized transformations of social reality against the background of related phenomena and
dehumanization being realized via various mechanisms of social conflicts, collisions and accidents.
The author comes to the conclusion that during creation the sphere of freedom extends,
possibilities of the person increase, humanity towers; but at the same time the human world
becomes more fragile, more vulnerable. In this regard the phenomena of extremism, catastrophism
penetrating and accompanying all course of human life are aggravated. The special efforts
of civilization conceal that darkness of inhumanity, which as if the shadow, accompanies
all human life as necessary. Society opens up before the person the perspective of development
of the most various forms of humanity, which outside of a society are inaccessible to the person
taken separately. At the same time, even the very possibility of humanity is not transferred
to man as a gift sent down. It ispossible to be human only in the constant cultural, historical
and creative efforts of man over himself.2018-03-01T00:00:00ZThe problem of Bolshevism in Russian emigré philosophical journalism of the Russian abroadKoulakova, Tatyana A.Sokolov, Aleksei M.Kuznetsov, Nikita V.http://hdl.handle.net/11701/93482018-04-06T00:02:20Z2018-03-01T00:00:00ZНазвание: The problem of Bolshevism in Russian emigré philosophical journalism of the Russian abroad
Авторы: Koulakova, Tatyana A.; Sokolov, Aleksei M.; Kuznetsov, Nikita V.
Краткий осмотр (реферат): The article continues the cycle of publications devoted to Russian philosophical journalism
during the October revolution (1917–1922). The subject of research is the formation of the
perspective of Bolshevism and its socio-philosophical analysis in the journal “Russkaya Mysl”
of the first two years (1920–1921) after the resumption of its activities abroad. The author’s
interest in this story arose from the fact that a century has passed from the heyday of Russian
religious-philosophical thought, and also that the revival of this issue can serve as the
starting point of a philosophical renewal in our country, reviving thus the pathos of Patriotic
wisdom. On the basis of publications of P. M. Bitsilli, K. I. Zaitseva, P. N. Savitsky, P. B. Struve,
and others, the authors demonstrate the ambiguity of the understanding of Bolshevism and
the attitude of the Russian intellectual élite in exile. The most important part of the study is
the one where we are talking about a fundamental inability of Russian intellectuals, educated
in the spirit of bourgeois enlightenment and classical academism, to give an adequate assessment
of the events that was meaningful and different from what characterized classical Western
scholarship. So the description of the dynamics of Russian society three to four decades
preceding the revolution did not give the true picture of the social processes taking place
in the country. Because Bolshevism was a phenomenon generated by the paradox of sociopolitical
processes, it can be understood only in the context of the exciting non-triviality of
its event horizon.2018-03-01T00:00:00Z