Twelve years of access to electronic serials in Russia: Results and perspectives

ABSTRACT We investigated collection development within the system of information support of research in Russia at the state-funded level. The analysis has been performed from the point of view of the structure and research output of Russian science. We employed the method of bibliometric analysis using InCites by Clarivate Analytics. Our results demonstrate that the state-funded set of subscriptions provides more than 55% of total world output and meets about 70% of the communication needs of Russian researchers in all Essential Science Indicators research areas. A strong correlation of informational support and research output is demonstrated.


Introduction
In this article we report an analysis of the system of information support in Russia.Indicators of research output such as the number of publications and citations are included in the national research assessment systems in, for instance, Australia, 1 the United Kingdom, 2 France, 3 Italy, 4 or Russia, 5 and the most influential world university rankings.Correlation between the research and development (R&D) funding and indicators of research output, namely, the number of publications, number of citations, and share in world output has been studied at the level of individual researchers, 6 grant-issuing organizations, 7 or research-leading countries. 8,9Correlation of the research output and readership was reported at the level of individual documents within a single journal, 10 as well as institutional 11,12 and country 13 levels.Thus, one can conclude that the problem of information support is one of the key problems in the modern research arena.
Libraries in academic and research institutions together with departments of research management take an active part in handling and analyzing the information on research output, usage statistics, return on investment, and impact of scholarly resources on the level of research and teaching.Russia is not an exception and fits into the world trends of development of information support. 14,15However, being a country with an emerging economy and a member of the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China), Russia demonstrates its specific features.
After the disintegration of the Soviet system in the last two decades of the 20th century, Russia met enormous problems with budget cuttings and brain drain.Also, Russia lost its former position among leading countries conducting research in science.In 2006, predictions for the future of the Russian research output were grave. 16In 2005, facing the problem, the Russian government launched Federal Target Programs aimed at improvement of the level of research and education in prioritized research areas of science and technology: Life Sciences; Industry of Nanosystems; ITC Systems; Environmental Management; Energy Efficiency, Energy Saving, and Nuclear Energy.From 2006 to 2014 the R&D budget in Russia grew and in 2012 approached that of the United Kingdom.Along with the increase in the R&D budget, additional direct funding was allocated among federal projects to a group of leading Russian universities.Today, the group of leading Russian universities comprises Lomonosov Moscow State University, St. Petersburg State University, an additional ten Federal Universities, 29 National Research Universities, and 21 universities of the 5/100 project (which aims at improving the position of Russian universities in world university rankings).In response to the increase in funding, research output has been growing slowly but steadily.
Within the Federal Target Programs, substantial budgetary funds were allocated to subscribe to the most important scholarly resources for Russian academic and research institutes.The System of Information Support of Science, Education, and Culture in Russia (System of Information Support) was established at the very end of 2005 and since that time acquisition of scholarly resources has closely followed the research development that was reported in 2007, 17 2011, 18,19 and 2016. 20,21pecifics of the Russian national system of information support consists of dual funding of subscriptions: in part by the state money allocated in the framework of federal projects and programs, and in part by money paid by institutions from their own budgets.

Institution budgets
Until 2014 the level of funding of the Russian academic and research institutes was gradually growing due to direct funding.This resulted in a positive trend in library subscriptions; one could see that more and more money was spent on scholarly resources.Annual surveys conducted by NEICON since 2006 indicated that e-resource acquisition budgets of leading universities increased by 10 times from 2006 to 2016.However, in 2014 due to the economic crisis in Russia and almost a 100% drop in purchasing power of the national currency, the situation changed dramatically.The 2016 and 2017 surveys showed that research and educational institutions in Russia did not have enough money to maintain information support at an appropriate level. 22As a result, the number of resources subscribed to by means of the institutional budgets shrank by 38% and 80% in 2015 and 2016, respectively.

State funding
Due to the lasting impact of the economic crisis, federal projects and programs make the only reliable sources of information support of Russian education and science.In this article, we confine our studies to the national subscription projects funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation (MES) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR).In 2017, resources subscribed to within the MES and RFBR projects comprise 18 fulltext journal packages provided by world-leading publishers focused on the science, technology, and math (STM) research areas.During the whole time span of the MES projects, resources have been thoroughly selected by the experts of NEICON and leading Russian libraries who performed analysis in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC) with keyword search queries built for the five aforementioned priority areas.The selection process consists of four steps described in Razumova, Kuznetsov, and Kirillova 23 and Kuznetsov and Razumova 24 : (1) Preparation and refining of a query to search for documents relevant to a priority area (for instance, Life Sciences); (2) Search of documents in the WoS CC; (3) Preparation of ranked lists of the most productive periodicals in each priority area; and (4) Identification of the information provider that offers these periodicals.Journal packages of world publishers that contained the largest number of articles in priority areas were subscribed.
During all the years the list of resources and number of subscribers could be corrected and changed after analysis of the usage statistics and cost-efficiency.During the last two years, the MES also took into account the resource rankings built on results of the library surveys.
We reported results of assessment and quantitative estimates of the level of information support provided by the MES and RFBR projects 25 : For each priority area we calculated a parameter of information support P: share of articles available in subscribed resources in the world research output.P i = N i /N i0 , where N i is the number of articles in the i-th research area available via national subscription, and N i0 is the total number of articles in the i-th research area.Results obtained in five priority areas were as follows: Life Sciences (74%), Industry of Nanosystems (77%); ITC Systems (76%); Environmental Management (78%); Energy Efficiency, Energy Saving and Nuclear Energy (90%).This confirms an appropriate selection of resources among national subscriptions that provides a very high level of information support in the priority areas.
To fit one of the world standard classifications we have extended our analysis to 22 research areas of the Essential Science Indicators database.In result, we got a mapping of each of the 18 full-text resources in the number of articles, proportion of citations and highly cited papers and parameter of information support.

Principles of selection of subscriptions in certain research organizations
Informational support is one of the main components of research activity and the role of the library is to provide necessary information with maximal efficiency.This task is quite complicated even for research organizations with limited research interests because of limited budgets, and is almost impossible for multidisciplinary university libraries.The situation worsened within the 2008 global economic crisis 26,27 and the Russian economic crisis of 2014. 28he main principles of selection of a subscription are its correspondence to research areas related to the research or educational needs and high quality of resources both in content and services.There are different approaches to the selection of resources to subscribe to: from expert evaluation to complex bibliometric methods or their combination, along with expert opinion and altmetrics.
For example, journal citation analysis, journal title and core list analysis, electronic resource analysis, and use of OCLC's WorldShare CE tool were employed to evaluate the Interdisciplinary collection and to further collection development at the College of Staten Island Library. 29The WorldShare CE was also used for mapping Conspectus subject divisions and categories to relevant university departments and evaluation of holdings in comparison with the department metrics to provide a more complete picture for the collection development decision making. 302] The model is based on the search in the abstract database of a set of articles that are semantically equivalent to a set of articles of a user or a group of users for which the repertoire of scientific periodicals is selected.In other words, the result of the request should be a collection of articles of the same thematic focus, which is expressed in the articles of the target author.To achieve this goal, the authors used the KeyWords Plus from the articles of employees of three scientific organizations in various scientific fields-biomedical, geological, and physical-mathematical.The KeyWords Plus output, which "summarizes" the articles, is combined in a query into groups, the number of which, respectively, is equal to the number of articles of employees of these organizations.As a result of the request, lists of articles were obtained exactly with the same sequences of keywords, which proved their semantic affinity.With the use of various filters, groups of journals are analyzed that concentrate the articles of interest to the greatest extent.The lists obtained are compared with the lists of journals most cited by the authors of the organizations under consideration, a considerable similarity of the lists in the field of natural sciences and a smaller one in the field of technical ones.
The last described method is quite good for choosing journals for monodisciplinary libraries.The selection of resources for multidisciplinary universities, consortia, or national subscriptions must satisfy the following conditions: meeting the information needs of the maximum possible number of subscribers and providing an as wide as possible range of scientific fields with efficient use of resources.

Consortial subscriptions
The state-funded projects in Russia use consortial licenses signed by a project operator on behalf of all member institutions.The number of the consortia subscribers was different for different resources and years and varied from about twenty to several hundreds for the fulltext journal databases.Noteworthy is that in 2017 the MES project subscribed to 1,600 Russian non-commercial institutions to WoS CC.This fact backs up the choice of the WoS platform for analysis performed in our study.The WoS CC is the database subscribed at a truly national level in Russia.
Following the well-known and widely reported international practices of library networking, 33 collaborative collection development, and consortial purchasing 34,35 with well-established cost-effectiveness and return on investment, 36,37 Russian consortia subscribe to e-resources under the "Big Deal" model where the standard publisher packages of hundreds or thousands of titles are subscribed to for all members of a consortium.
Big Deal licenses have been negotiated by the Russian national library consortium NEICON [38][39] and were operated by NEICON (from 2006 to 2014) and the Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology (since 2014 up to now). 40ue to thorough market analysis, careful and intense negotiations with the publishers, "big consortium deals" in Russia allow libraries to spend up to ten times less money compared to individual title subscriptions for the same content.
After resources are subscribed, operators of the MES project are monitoring usage statistics, estimating cost efficiency, updating, and optimizing the list of subscribed resources, number of site licenses and lists of subscribers.After several years of monitoring and optimization, cost-per-download for each of 16 resources of the "ministry" subscription usually reaches a reasonable value of 2-5 USD/ download. 41If despite all the efforts, the cost-per-download remains high, the subscription is canceled.
We note that during ten years of the ministry subscription, only three full-text resources have been canceled.

Methods
To analyze the compliance of the list of resources to be subscribed to with the demands of the Russian science we calculated the proportion of papers in subscribed resources in the overall number of documents indexed in WoS CC in the last five years (2012-2016) together with their citation and share of documents in 10% of highly cited documents.The analysis was performed in twenty-two research areas used in the Essential Science Indicators (ESI), so this means that the Humanities were excluded from the analysis.
We used the InCites analytical instrument from Clarivate Analytics to get all the data on publications and citations.InCites accumulates publications from WoS CC (except the Emerging Sources Citation Index) and permits one to obtain sophisticated bibliometric indicators for various publication sets, using either predefined filters (researchers, organizations, countries, journals, publishers, etc.), or custom data sets, exported from WoS CC.For our investigation we used the filter for publishers according to the lists of imprints (Table 1).
To our knowledge, this is the first time when analytical capabilities of InCites were used for collection development and quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the level of the information support of the scholarly research.The following 16 resources are considered as the MES or "ministry subscription": (1) AAAS (2) ACS (3) AIP (4) APS ( 5) CUP ( 6) IEEE ( 7) IOP ( 8) NPG ( 9) OSA ( 10) OUP ( 11) RSC ( 12) SAGE ( 13) SPIE ( 14) T&F ( 15) Thieme ( 16) Wiley The second state-funded project, "the RFBR subscription," provides access to the journals of two major world publishers: Elsevier and Springer-Nature.The RFBR subscription comprises the Freedom Collection of Elsevier and the Springer-Nature "optimum collection" that includes all Springer titles plus all Palgrave and Nature titles.
Thus, the total set of resources considered in our study comprised 18 full-text journal packages.The data on the Elsevier and Springer-Nature usage statistics (full-text downloads in 2016) was provided to us by the operators of the RFBR project.
The usage data of the MES project is available on the web page of the Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology (http://konkurs.vlibrary.ru/?id=KonkursStaticStat.).

Analysis of the publication output in Russia in comparison with world output by the ESI classification scheme
The publication distribution of the Russian universities and research organizations in WoS CC over the ESI research areas differs essentially from that of the world total (Figure 1).A quarter of world publications are in Clinical Medicine, while in Russia half of the publications are in Physics and Chemistry, and Clinical Medicine occupies only third place in terms of the number of publications.Such areas as Economics & Business, Immunology, Psychiatry/Psychology, and Social Sciences are presented in Russian publications in WoS CC in lesser proportions than in the world average while Space Sciences, Geosciences, and Material Sciences make up a larger portion of total publication output in Russia than in the world average.
Only leading multidisciplinary universities such as Moscow State University or Saint Petersburg State University (SPbSU) demonstrate almost the same distribution of publications as the Russian average; other universities and research organizations have a different distribution of research interests with prevalence of one or several research areas (see Table 2).This is the reason for different approaches to the configuration of subscriptions to electronic resources at the level of an individual organization or at the national level.Subscriptions in such universities as SPbSU can serve as the model for the national subscriptions.On the other hand, we must take into account that the lack of publications in several research areas may be a consequence of insufficient access to information resources.
Coverage of the ESI research areas by the national subscription in the number of publications, citations, and proportion of highly cited papers One of the main criteria of a subscription is the completeness of the publication presentation.We evaluated this by the number of publications in WoS CC through the ESI research areas.The information on the absolute number of publications in journals of the subscribed publishers is given in Table 3.One can see that the world's largest multidisciplinary publishers, such as Elsevier, Springer-Nature, Wiley, Taylor & Francis provide access in all of the ESI research areas to more than a half of documents indexed in WoS CC.
Nevertheless, resources of the world leading learning societies are also of a great importance.The ACS with its 48 titles provides 22.5% of the WoS CC output in Chemistry and ranks the world's second after Elsevier with 22.6%.That is why the list of subscribed resources contains not only multidisciplinary but also specialized packages that add lots of high-quality articles to the Russian national subscription.Along with 22.5% of ACS, RSC provides 13% of the world output in Chemistry.In Physics, APS provides 17.0%, AIP 10.2%, IoP 13.3%, and OSA 6.5% of world output.The sum over those four learning societies accounts for the 47% of WoS CC output in Physics, which exceeds the 33.5% provided by Elsevier, Springer-Nature, Wiley, and T&F.Besides, IoP provides 32.6% of the world output in Space Sciences, RSC 6% in Material Sciences, and IEEE 6% of Computer Science.These numbers indicate the very important role of learned society publishers in the information support that cannot be neglected.Analysis of all resources shows that on average the MES and the RFBR subscriptions provide access to about 70% of the WoS CC content.The detailed information by the ESI research areas is presented in Figure 2.
The diagram in Figure 2 shows that the best situation in Russia is with the access to publications in Chemistry (about 90%); and the worst is with Microbiology (less than 50%).The input of the RFBR and the MES subscriptions is almost equal (Table 3), although the RFBR provides access only to Springer-Nature and Elsevier.
The quality of the subscribed resources can be characterized to some extent by the number of received citations (Figure 3).
Figure 3(a) shows that multidisciplinary resources provide up to 70% of total citations in the ESI research areas; however, in Physics or Chemistry the learning society publishers such as APS or RSC play the most important role (compare Figure 3(a) and Figure 3(b)).
Even taking into account the strict rules of content selection in WoS CC itself, one can see that subscribed resources present the highest-level journals.For example, more than 70% of journals in the Elsevier Freedom collection (RFBR subscription) are in the Q1 and Q2 by their impact-factor and only 11% are in the Q4.For certain research areas the situation may differ but in the whole, the number of the Q1 and Q2 journals in subscribed resources is higher than that of the Q3 and Q4.
The relative number of citations received by publications in a certain journal package (in percent of total number of citations) depends mainly on the total number of publications, so a more adequate indicator of the quality of a publication is the average citation per publication or an indicator such as the Category Normalized Citation Impact (CNCI).CNCI shows the ratio of average citation in selected papers to the world average in the same subject category, taking into account the date of publication and its type (article, review, etc.).In Physics, for example, the total citation number is counted for the APS journals, while the highest CNCI value is demonstrated by physical publications in the AAAS and journals of the ACS and RSC.

Open Access journals in subscribed resources
An emerging common trend in research management is Open Access (OA) to research information including publications in scholarly journals.The number of OA journals is growing and many journals with traditional subscription models use the hybrid approach and propose publication of articles in the OA mode for an additional charge (Article Processing Charge [APC]).The proportion of OA articles in WoS CC (only full OA journals) grew from 6.8% in 2012 up to 10.6% in 2016, increasing the availability of full text to researchers.The proportion of OA journals in subscribed resources under consideration is much lower than for other publishers (as shown in Table 4) and differs greatly for certain ESI research areas.These data coincide with the data on different types of OA across publishers and disciplines reported by Piwowar et al. 42 The proportion of OA journals for different research areas is to be taken into account while selecting the resources for subscription.For example, the highest level of OA in Microbiology compensates somewhat for the low availability of journals on microbiology in subscribed resources.The negative correlation of OA (percent of total publications in the ESI subject area) and availability of subscribed journals is demonstrated in Figure 4. We obtained the availability of the full texts taking into account OA journals (Figure 5).
One can see that the real proportion increases from 68% average for subscribed resources (Figure 2) to 75%.The low level of availability in Microbiology, Plant & Animal Science, and Geosciences (about or less than 50%) is offset in some measure by a relatively high proportion of OA journals.

Russian published works within the subscribed journals
One of the principles of selection of a resource for subscription is its usability not only as a source of information but also as a channel of scientific communication, namely, publication of research results.We analyzed distribution of the Russian publication in journals of different publishers and discovered that more than half are published in the journals presented in Springer-Nature and the Freedom Collection of Elsevier (i.e., subscribed to by the RFBR).
About 82% of Russian-authored works are in journals subscribed in the frame of the MES and RFBR subscriptions.Almost all Russian publications in Chemistry, Physics, and other Natural Sciences are in the subscribed journals (see Table 5).
The total number of publications in journals of the subscribed publishers increases faster than in other journals.The share of Russian publications in journals of unsubscribed publishers decreased from 18.7% in 2012 to 17.2% in 2016.The total number of publications in the subscribed journals increased from 2012 to 2016 by 29%, while in journals of other publishers by 16%.The distribution by the ESI categories remains stable in the analyzed period.
It should be considered that the ESI categories do not include Arts & Humanities, while the total number of Russian publications in the Arts & Humanities Citation Index (AHCI) more than doubled from 2012 to 2016 (0.4% of the world output in 2012 and 0.9% in 2016), half of them annually published in the subscribed journals (0.3% of the world output in journals of subscribed publishers in 2012 and 0.6% in 2016).
The number of published articles correlates strongly with the number of downloaded articles, at least for the publishers under consideration (Figure 6).This coincides with the published data on the dependence of the research output on the readership.4] Here, for the first time, we report the strong correlation between the research output and the readership for a set of separate packages of resources.Dependence of the publication output on the total readership on an institutional level for the case of SPbSU is shown in Figure 7.
SPbSU demonstrates one of the best repertoires of subscribed resources in Russia, thanks both to the state projects and to its own university subscriptions.The list of subscribed resources increased from 2008 to 2016 by almost a factor of three, including permanent access to purchased Elsevier backfiles.The number of the full-text downloads increased more than four times during this period and correspondingly the publication output grew about three times both in WoS CC and Scopus.The increase in the number of downloads is determined not only by a more active use of resources but also by a growth in the number of users, and as a consequence, by an increase in the number of authors of scientific publications.According to the SciVal data, the number of authors affiliated with SPbSU increased from 1,669 in 2012 to 3,704 in 2016 (growth of more than 120%).The analysis of the SPbSU publication activity by the Russian Index of Science Citation (RISC) also demonstrates growth of both the number of publications and authors with an increase in the number of the fulltext downloads from RISC.
In our study, we have experimentally obtained a strong Pearson correlation (r = 0.98) between the number of downloads in Russia and the number of articles available in the subscribed to resources (see Figure 8).
In general, the correlation between the scope of available information and the level of readership could be predicted.Moreover, in our case, the set of resources and the list of subscribers have been carefully selected and optimized during twelve years of subscriptions.Thus, resources in the subscriptions fit very well the demands of Russian users and the more articles that are provided, the more are read.However, the observed linear dependence does not follow from the above consideration.It indicates that in our case there is no saturation of the dependence of the level of readership on the number of articles available.One of the  possible explanations is that the usage of electronic resources in Russian educational and research organizations is still low and thus far from saturation.For example, at Saint-Petersburg State University-the largest user in Russia, the number of full-text downloads per user amounted to about 100 articles in 2016, while in Great Britain the activity of users at roughly this same level was reported for the Consortium of University Research Libraries in 2010-2011. 45We are going to further investigate the observed dependence in more detail at the level of individual institutions.In particular, we will analyze the subscriptions and the level of readership of two leading Russian universities: Higher School of Economics and Saint-Petersburg State University.Studies at the level of consortial subscription in other countries could also be of interest.
To conclude, for the studied set of carefully selected resources and the optimized numbers and the particular lists of subscribers, we demonstrated a very strong correlation (r = 0.98, Pearson) between the Russian research output and the number of articles available through the studied set of resources subscribed within the Russian System of Information Support.

Discussion
Russian science reveals its specifics and differs essentially from that of other countries in terms of the distribution of research output over research areas.More than half of Russian publications in 2012-2016 were concentrated in two ESI research areas: Chemistry and Physics.This results from the specifics of the organization of R&D funding in Russia, which covers five priority areas of Russian Science and Technology: Life Sciences; Industry of Nanosystems; ITC Systems; Environmental Management; and Energy Efficiency, Energy Saving and Nuclear Energy, and to a certain extent this confirms the well-known fact that the research output strongly correlates with funding.Since 2006, state-funded subscriptions in Russia also have been focused on the five priority areas so that the parameters of information support in those areas is high.In this study, we have extended the field of our analysis to 22 ESI research areas.Our results show that 18 full-text resources within the current set of Russian national subscriptions, which were previously selected to fit the five priority areas of the Russian Science and Technology, reveal very high values of the parameters of information support in all research areas of the ESI classification scheme.Considering only the journal packages of seven top multidisciplinary international publishers (Elsevier, Springer-Nature, Wiley, T&F, Sage, OUP, and CUP) we observed that they comprise more than 50% of the world coverage in the number of publications and citations.However, these high numbers are not sufficient to provide sufficient information support in the top research areas of Russian science, namely, Chemistry, Physics, Geoscience, Space Science, and Computer Science.The lack of information in those areas is somewhat offset by the resources published by the world leading learned societies: ACS, RSC, APS, AIP, IoP, OSA, and IEEE.Those societies provide also the highest percentage of citations in the key areas of the Russian research: Physics and Chemistry.Therefore, one can conclude that, despite a relatively low number of titles published by the learning societies as compared to the top multidisciplinary publishers, they are of key importance for the Russian and the world research in Chemistry, Physics, Engineering, and Computer Science.The numbers for the 18 resources are as follows: For Russia, we report experimental data showing strong correlation and linear dependence between the research output and the number of the full-text downloads from the resources included in the state-funded subscription.The linear dependence is confirmed both at the national level and at the level of a particular organization, namely, SPbSU-the second most productive university in Russia.This fact is also supported by the experimental temporal dependence of continuous concentration of Russian articles in the journals included in the set of national subscriptions.We also experimentally obtained the linear dependence and the strong Pearson correlation between the number of the full-text downloads and the number of articles available in the subscribed resources.This fact has not been reported in the literature and therefore needs further investigation.

Conclusion
The existing state-funded set of subscriptions meets and satisfies the basic information needs of Russian science.The journals in the subscribed packages of the leading international publishers considered in this study are the main channels for publication of research results in Russia.The strong correlation of the full-text downloads with the research output in Russia demonstrates the necessity of further improvement of information support in all research areas, especially those which are insufficiently presented in the world information space (social sciences and humanities).
In this study, we have investigated subscribed resources encompassed in the ESI classification that lacks the fields of the Arts & Humanities.For this reason, the Arts & Humanities remained beyond our consideration.Meanwhile, Russian publications in that field are the least represented in the international citation indexes.Therefore, in future research it will be necessary to pay special attention to the information support of research in the Arts & Humanities.We plan to investigate also whether there is an effect of the readership and the availability of books on the research productivity in the Arts & Humanities.
Our results demonstrate the applicability of the InCites instruments for collection development and evaluation.This study was performed in the Russian research and information environment; however, methods could be easily adjusted to any set of resources presented in WoS CC.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.World (A) and Russian Federation (B) output in Web of Science Core Collection (2012-2016) by ESI research areas.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. The proportion of articles in subscribed resources to world research output.

Figure 3 .
Figure 3.The quality of subscribed resources by proportion of received citations (Alargest multidisciplinary publishers, B -Subscribed resources versus other publishers).

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Proportion of OA publications and share of research output provided by subscribed journals.

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Availability of publications in WoS CC by ESI research areas (percents of total number in category).

Figure 7 .
Figure 7. Correlation of full-text downloads and published papers in Saint-Petersburg State University.

Figure 8 .
Figure 8. Dependence of full-text downloads on the number of available articles in resources under subscription.Correlation r=0.98 (Pearson).

( 1 )
Coverage by the number of the world publications varies over the research areas from 85% in Chemistry to 48% in Microbiology and exceeds 55% for all ESI areas except Microbiology.(2) Coverage by the number of the Russian publications-from 94% in Chemistry to 43% in Plant & Animal Science and exceeds 60% for all ESI research areas except Social Science, general and Plant & Animal Science.(3) Coverage by the number of the world citations-from nearly 90% to 42%.(4) Coverage by the number of citations in Physics: 30% is provided by the APS articles and only 13% and 12%, respectively, by Springer-Nature and Elsevier.(5) The Open Access journals available in the resources that are not included in the national subscription compensate the lack of information in such research areas as Microbiology and Plant & Animal Science and make the parameter of information support to exceed 65% for all ESI subject areas.

Table 1 .
Publishers' imprints and journals for analysis in InCites.ASPEN LAW & BUSINESS DIV ASPEN PUBLISHERS INC, BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG, SPRINGER BIRKHAUSER, CURRENT SCIENCE LTD, SPRINGER VIEWEG-SPRINGER FACHMEDIEN WIESBADEN GMBH, VIEWEG, FRIEDRICH VIEWEG & SOHN VERLAGSGESELLSCHAFT MBH, GABLER VERLAG, GABLER VERLAG/ SPRINGER FACHMEDIEN, HUMANA PRESS INC, KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, KLUWER ACADEMIC-HUMAN SCIENCES PRESS, KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL, KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBLISHERS, KLUWER LAW INT, KLUWER LAW INTERNATIONAL, MACMILLAN INDIA LTD, MACMILLAN PRESS LTD, GAMSBERG MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS (PTY) LTD, PALGRAVE MACMILLAN LTD, NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP, SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS, SPRINGER, SPRINGER BASEL AG, SPRINGER FRANCE, SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, SPRINGER IBERICA, SPRINGER INDIA, SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG, SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, SPRINGER JAPAN, SPRINGER JAPAN KK, SPRINGER LONDON LTD, SPRINGER PUBLISHING CO, SPRINGER SINGAPORE PTE LTD, SPRINGER SPEKTRUM/SPRINGER FACHMEDIEN, SPRINGER VERLAG PARIS, SPRINGER VS/SPRINGER FACHMEDIEN, SPRINGER WIEN, SPRINGER-V D I VERLAG GMBH & CO KG, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, SPRINGER-VERLAG FRANCE, SPRINGER-VERLAG ITALIA, SPRINGER-VERLAG ITALIA SRL, SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD, SPRINGER-VERLAG SINGAPORE PTE LTD, SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO, SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN, CONSULTANTS BUREAU/SPRINGER, COPERNICUS AN IMPRINT OF SPRINGER, NY, MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER, SPEKTRUM AKADEMISCHER VERLAG-SPRINGER-VERLAG GMBH, VIEWEG-TEUBNER VERLAG GMBH Elsevier ACADEMIC PRESS, ACADEMIC PRESS AUST, ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, BAILLIERE TINDALL, ELSEVIER BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN, BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD, BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN AUSTRALIA, BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN, CELL PRESS, CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE, CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE INC MEDICAL PUBLISHERS, CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE LTD, ELSEVIER DOYMA SL, EDICIONES DOYMA, EDICIONES DOYMA S A, ELSEVIER, ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC, ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY, ELSEVIER APPL SCI PUBL LTD, ELSEVIER BRAZIL, ELSEVIER ESPANA S I, ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER, ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG, ELSEVIER INC, ELSEVIER INFORMACION PROFESSIONAL, S A, ELSEVIER MASSON, ELSEVIER MASSON SAS EDITEUR, ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, ELSEVIER NORTH HOLLAND, ELSEVIER SCI LTD, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON, ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BV BIOMEDICAL DIVISION, ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA, ELSEVIER SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO, ELSEVIER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS IRELAND LTD, ELSEVIER SINGAPORE PTE LTD, ELSEVIER TAIWAN, ELSEVIER URBAN & PARTNER SP Z O O, ELSEVIER-IRCS LTD, ELSEVIER/NORTH-HOLLAND, JAI-ELSEVIER LTD, JAI-ELSEVIER SCI BV, JAI-ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, MOSBY-ELSEVIER, HANLEY & BELFUS-ELSEVIER INC, NORTH HOLLAND, ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL BV, PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC, EXCERPTA 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Table 1 .
(Continued).INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC., IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY, IEEE ADVANCING TECHNOLOGY FOR HUMANITY, IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS SOCIETY, IEEE EDUCATION SOCIETY, INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERS CANADA, INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS, IEEE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE ON LEARNING TECHNOLOGY, IEEE SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS SOCIETY, IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, IEEE GEOSCIENСE AND REMOTE SENSING SOCIETY, IEEE ELECTRON DEVICES SOCIETY, IEEE ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY SOCIETY, IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS SOCIETY, IEEE COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SOCIETY, IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY, IEEE CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS SOCIETY,

Table 2 .
Research diversity in some Russian universities to compare the whole Russian Federation output and world output (WoS CC, 2012-2016).

Table 3 .
Absolute number of articles, published in journals in subscribed resources (WoS CC, 2012-2016).

Table 4 .
The proportion of publications in open access journals in WoS CC.

Table 5 .
Total distribution of Russian publications by journals availability.