The real antihypertensive pharmaceutical treatment in ambulance in Saint-Petersburg, Russia has been studied. The sales of medicines in a pharmacy in Saint-Petersburg have been analyzed as well. It has been revealed that patients still use old medicines not recommended for permanent antihypertensive treatment of essential hypertension now. 24 hour blood pressure monitoring has not confirmed the achievement of target levels of blood pressure in the part of patients with successful treatment of arterial hypertension according to the data of ambulance blood pressure measurement and home measurement by patients themselves. 24 hour blood pressure monitoring is the valid measure of antihypertensive therapy effectiveness in comparison with office monitoring and home one. The frequency of achievement of target blood pressure levels was significantly lower than in the USA and Canada, but higher than in England (27%), Germany and Turkey (7%).  The recommendations of the European Society of Hypertension and Russian national recommendations may be implemented in the ambulance treatment of patients with coronary heart disease and essential hypertension in Russia. It would be reasonable to evaluate this graduate thesis performed in accordance with all Russian requirements to graduate theses as an excellent one, deserving the grade 5 (excellent).